Numerics library - cppreference.com (2025)

Table of Contents

Contents [edit] Mathematical functions and types [edit] Common mathematical functions [edit] Mathematical special functions (since C++17) [edit] Mathematical constants (since C++20) [edit] Basic linear algebra algorithms (since C++26) [edit] Data-parallel types (since C++26) [edit] Complex number arithmetic [edit] Numeric arrays [edit] Numeric algorithms [edit] Factor operations (since C++17) [edit] Interpolation operations (C++20) [edit] Saturation arithmetic (since C++26) [edit] Numeric operations [edit] Miscellaneous [edit] Pseudo-random number generation [edit] Floating-point environment (since C++11) [edit] Bit manipulation (since C++20) [edit] Checked integer arithmetic (since C++26) [edit] See also References

C++

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Feature test macros (C++20)
Language support library
Concepts library (C++20)
Diagnostics library
Memory management library
Metaprogramming library (C++11)
General utilities library
Containers library
Iterators library
Ranges library (C++20)
Algorithms library
Strings library
Text processing library
Numerics library
Date and time library
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Filesystem library (C++17)
Concurrency support library (C++11)
Execution control library (C++26)
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External libraries

[edit]

Numerics library

Common mathematical functions

Mathematical special functions (C++17)

Mathematical constants (C++20)

Basic linear algebra algorithms (C++26)

Data-parallel types (SIMD) (C++26)

Floating-point environment (C++11)

Complex numbers

Numeric array (valarray)

Pseudo-random number generation

Bit manipulation (C++20)

Saturation arithmetic (C++26)

Factor operations

gcd

(C++17)

lcm

(C++17)

Interpolations

midpoint

(C++20)

lerp

(C++20)

Generic numeric operations

iota (C++11)
ranges::iota (C++23)
accumulate
inner_product
adjacent_difference
partial_sum

reduce (C++17)
transform_reduce (C++17)
inclusive_scan (C++17)
exclusive_scan (C++17)
transform_inclusive_scan (C++17)
transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)

C-style checked integer arithmetic

ckd_add (C++26)
ckd_sub (C++26)

ckd_mul (C++26)

[edit]

The C++ numerics library includes common mathematical functions and types, as well as optimized numeric arrays and support for random number generation.

1 Mathematical functions and types
- 1.1 Common mathematical functions
- 1.2 Mathematical special functions (since C++17)
- 1.3 Mathematical constants (since C++20)
- 1.4 Basic linear algebra algorithms (since C++26)
- 1.5 Data-parallel types (since C++26)
- 1.6 Complex number arithmetic
- 1.7 Numeric arrays
2 Numeric algorithms
- 2.1 Factor operations (since C++17)
- 2.2 Interpolation operations (C++20)
- 2.3 Saturation arithmetic (since C++26)
- 2.4 Numeric operations
3 Miscellaneous
- 3.1 Pseudo-random number generation
- 3.2 Floating-point environment (since C++11)
- 3.3 Bit manipulation (since C++20)
- 3.4 Checked integer arithmetic (since C++26)
- 3.5 See also

[edit] Mathematical functions and types

[edit] Common mathematical functions

The header <cmath> provides standard C library mathematical functions such as std::fabs, std::sqrt, and std::sin.

[edit] Mathematical special functions (since C++17)

The header <cmath> also provides several mathematical special functions such as std::beta, std::hermite, and std::cyl_bessel_i.

[edit] Mathematical constants (since C++20)

The header <numbers> provides several mathematical constants, such as std::numbers::pi or std::numbers::sqrt2

[edit] Basic linear algebra algorithms (since C++26)

The header <linalg> provides basic linear algebra algorithms which are based on BLAS.

[edit] Data-parallel types (since C++26)

The header <simd> provides portable types for explicitly stating data-parallelism and structuring data for more efficient SIMD access.

[edit] Complex number arithmetic

Defined in header `<complex>`
complex	a complex number type (class template)

[edit] Numeric arrays

Defined in header `<valarray>`
valarray	numeric arrays, array masks and array slices (class template)

[edit] Numeric algorithms

The header <numeric> provides numeric algorithms below:

[edit] Factor operations (since C++17)

Defined in header `<numeric>`
gcd (C++17)	computes the greatest common divisor of two integers (function template) [edit]
lcm (C++17)	computes the least common multiple of two integers (function template) [edit]

[edit] Interpolation operations (C++20)

Defined in header `<numeric>`
midpoint (C++20)	midpoint between two numbers or pointers (function template) [edit]
Defined in header `<cmath>`
lerp (C++20)	linear interpolation function (function) [edit]

[edit] Saturation arithmetic (since C++26)

Defined in header `<numeric>`
add_sat (C++26)	saturating addition operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
sub_sat (C++26)	saturating subtraction operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
mul_sat (C++26)	saturating multiplication operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
div_sat (C++26)	saturating division operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
saturate_cast (C++26)	returns an integer value clamped to the range of another integer type (function template) [edit]

[edit] Numeric operations

Defined in header `<numeric>`
iota (C++11)	fills a range with successive increments of the starting value (function template) [edit]
ranges::iota (C++23)	fills a range with successive increments of the starting value (algorithm function object)[edit]
accumulate	sums up or folds a range of elements (function template) [edit]
reduce (C++17)	similar to std::accumulate, except out of order (function template) [edit]
transform_reduce (C++17)	applies an invocable, then reduces out of order (function template) [edit]
inner_product	computes the inner product of two ranges of elements (function template) [edit]
adjacent_difference	computes the differences between adjacent elements in a range (function template) [edit]
partial_sum	computes the partial sum of a range of elements (function template) [edit]
inclusive_scan (C++17)	similar to std::partial_sum, includes the i^th input element in the i^th sum (function template) [edit]
exclusive_scan (C++17)	similar to std::partial_sum, excludes the i^th input element from the i^th sum (function template) [edit]
transform_inclusive_scan (C++17)	applies an invocable, then calculates inclusive scan (function template) [edit]
transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)	applies an invocable, then calculates exclusive scan (function template) [edit]

[edit] Miscellaneous

[edit] Pseudo-random number generation

The header <random> defines pseudo-random number generators and numerical distributions. The header <cstdlib> also includes C-style random number generation via std::srand and std::rand.

[edit] Floating-point environment (since C++11)

The header <cfenv> defines flags and functions related to exceptional floating-point state, such as overflow and division by zero.

[edit] Bit manipulation (since C++20)

The header <bit> provides several function templates to access, manipulate, and process individual bits and bit sequences. The byte ordering (endianness) of scalar types can be inspected via std::endian facility.

[edit] Checked integer arithmetic (since C++26)

The C compatibility header <stdckdint.h> provides several function templates for checked integer arithmetic.

Defined in header `<stdckdint.h>`
ckd_add (C++26)	checked addition operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
ckd_sub (C++26)	checked subtraction operation on two integers (function template) [edit]
ckd_mul (C++26)	checked multiplication operation on two integers (function template) [edit]

[edit] See also

C documentation for Numerics

Numerics library - cppreference.com (2025)

References

https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/numeric